Fall of Chinas Qing Dynasty Causes and Consequences

When the last Chinese dynasty—the Qing dynasty —fell in 1911–1912, it marked the end of the nations incredibly long imperial history. That history stretched back at least as far as 221 BCE when Qin Shi Huangdi first united China into a single empire. During much of that time, China was the single, undisputed superpower in East Asia, with neighboring lands such as Korea, Vietnam, and an often-reluctant Japan trailing in its cultural wake. After more than 2,000 years, though, Chinese imperial power under the last Chinese dynasty was about to collapse for good. Key Takeaways: Collapse of the Qing The Qing dynasty promoted itself as a conquering force, ruling China for 268 years before collapsing in 1911–1912. The elites self-proclaimed position as outsiders contributed to their eventual demise.  A major contribution to the downfall of the last dynasty were external forces, in the form of new Western technologies, as well as a gross miscalculation on the part of the Qing as to the strength of European and Asian imperialistic ambitions.  A second major contributor was internal turmoil, expressed in a series of devastating rebellions beginning in 1794 with the White Lotus rebellion, and ending with the Boxer Rebellion of 1899–1901 and Wuchang Uprising of 1911–1912. The ethnic Manchu rulers of Chinas Qing dynasty reigned over the Middle Kingdom beginning in 1644 CE, when they defeated the last of the Ming, up until 1912. What brought about the collapse of this once-mighty empire, ushering in the modern era in China? As you might expect, the collapse of Chinas Qing dynasty was a long and complex process. Qing rule gradually collapsed during the second half of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th, due to a complicated interplay between internal and external factors. Murmurs of Dissent The Qings were from Manchuria, and they established their dynasty as a conquering force of the Ming dynasty by non-Chinese outsiders, maintaining that identity and organization throughout their 268-year reign. In particular, the court marked itself off from its subjects in certain religious, linguistic, ritual, and social characteristics, always presenting themselves as outside conquerors. Social uprisings against the Qing began with the White Lotus uprising in 1796–1820. The Qing had forbidden agriculture in the northern regions, which were left to the Mongol pastoralists, but the introduction of new world crops such as potato and maize opened the northern region plains farming. At the same time, technologies for treating contagious diseases such as smallpox, and the extensive use of fertilizers and irrigation techniques were also imported from the West. White Lotus Rebellion As a result of such technological improvements, the Chinese population exploded, increasing from 140 million in 1741 to 310 million in 1794; and by 1840, the population in Qing dynasty China was over 410 million people. At first, farmers in regions adjacent to Mongolia worked for the Mongols, but eventually, the people in the overcrowded Hubei and Hunan provinces flowed out and into the region. Soon the new migrants began to outnumber the indigenous people, and conflict over local leadership grew and grew strong. The White Lotus rebellion began when large groups of Chinese rioted in 1794. Eventually, the rebellion was crushed by the Qing elites; but the White Lotus organization remained secret and intact, and advocated for the overthrow of the Qing dynasty. Imperial Mistakes   Another major contributing factor to the downfall of the Qing dynasty was European imperialism and Chinas gross miscalculation of the power and ruthlessness of the British crown. By the mid-19th century, the Qing dynasty had been in power for over a century, and the elites and many of their subjects felt they had a heavenly mandate to remain in power. One of the tools they used to stay in power was a very strict restriction on trade. The Qing believed that the way to avoid the errors of the White Lotus rebellion was to clamp down on foreign influence. The British under Queen Victoria were a huge market for Chinese teas, but the Qing refused to engage in trade negotiations, rather demanding that Britain pay for the tea in gold and silver. Instead, Britain began a lucrative, illicit trade in opium, traded from British imperial India into Canton, far from Beijing. The Chinese authorities burned 20,000 bales of opium, and the British retaliated with a devastating invasion of mainland China, in two wars known as the Opium Wars of 1839–42 and 1856–60. Completely unprepared for such an onslaught, the Qing dynasty lost, and Britain imposed unequal treaties and took control of the Hong Kong region, along with millions of pounds of silver to compensate the British for the lost opium. This humiliation showed all of Chinas subjects, neighbors, and tributaries that the once-mighty China was now weak and vulnerable. Deepening Weaknesses With its weaknesses exposed, China began to lose power over its peripheral regions. France seized Southeast Asia, creating its colony of French Indochina. Japan stripped away Taiwan, took effective control of Korea (formerly a Chinese tributary) following the First Sino-Japanese War of 1895–96, and also imposed unequal trade demands in the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki. By 1900, foreign powers including Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan had established spheres of influence along Chinas coastal areas. There the foreign powers essentially controlled trade and the military, although technically they remained part of Qing China. The balance of power had tipped decidedly away from the imperial court and toward the foreign powers. The Boxer Rebellion   Within China, dissent grew, and the empire began to crumble from within. Ordinary Han Chinese felt little loyalty to the Qing rulers, who still presented themselves as conquering Manchus from the north. The calamitous Opium Wars seemed to prove that the alien ruling dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven and needed to be overthrown. In response, the Qing Empress Dowager Cixi clamped down hard on reformers. Rather than following the path of Japans Meiji Restoration and modernizing the country, Cixi purged her court of modernizers. When Chinese peasants raised a huge antiforeigner movement in 1900, called the Boxer Rebellion, they initially opposed both the Qing ruling family and the European powers (plus Japan). Eventually, the Qing armies and the peasants united, but they were unable to defeat the foreign powers. This signaled the beginning of the end for the Qing dynasty. The Last Days of the Last Dynasty Strong rebel leaders began to have major impacts on the ability of the Qing to rule. In 1896, Yan Fu translated Herbert Spencers treatises on social Darwinism. Others began to openly call for the overthrow of the existing regime and replace it with a constitutional rule. Sun Yat-Sen emerged as Chinas first professional revolutionary, having gained an international reputation by being abducted by Qing agents in the Chinese Embassy in London in 1896. One Qing response was to suppress the word revolution by banning it from their world-history textbooks. The French Revolution was now the French rebellion or chaos, but in fact, the existence of leased territories and foreign concessions provided plenty of fuel and varying degrees of safety for radical opponents. The crippled Qing dynasty clung to power for another decade, behind the walls of the Forbidden City, but the Wuchang Uprising of 1911 put the final nail in the coffin when 18 provinces voted to secede from the Qing dynasty. The Last Emperor, 6-year-old Puyi, formally abdicated the throne on Feb. 12, 1912, ending not only the Qing dynasty but Chinas millennia-long imperial period. Sun Yat-Sen was elected the first president of China, and the Republican era of China had begun. Sources   Borjigin, Burensain. The Complex Structure of Ethnic Conflict in the Frontier: Through the Debates Around the Jindandao Incident in 1891. Inner Asia, vol. 6, no.1, 2004, pp. 41–60. Print.Dabringhaus, Sabine. The Monarch and Inner/Outer Court Dualism in Late Imperial China. Royal Courts in Dynastic States and Empires. A Global Perspective. Boston: Brill, 2011, pp. 265–87. Print.Leese, Daniel. Revolution: Conceptualizing Political and Social Change in the Late Qing Dynasty. Oriens Extremus, vol. 51, 2012, pp. 25–61. Print.Li, Dan, and Nan Li. Moving to the Right Place at the Right Time: Economic Effects on Migrants of the Manchuria Plague of 1910–11. Explorations in Economic History, vol. 63, 2017, pp. 91–106. Print.Tsang, Steve. A Modern History of Hong Kong. London: I.B. Tauris Co. Ltd., 2007. Print.Sng, Tuan-Hwee. Size and Dynastic Decline: The Principal-Agent Problem in Late Imperial China, 1700–1850. Explorations in Economic History, vol. 54, 2014, pp. 107–27. Print.

Women Roles in My Big Fat Greek Wedding and Sir Gawain

Men are said to be the head of the household and are usually the breadwinners with their main role consisting of providing for their families. On the other hand, as stated in the comedy My Big Fat Greek Wedding, women act as the neck of the household, therefore they have the ability to turn the â€Å"head†, or their husbands, in any direction they choose. Women had no ways of expressing their feelings directly in society, but instead expressed them through manipulation of their husbands. The ladies in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight exercise control in many momentous situations that if had not gone their way could’ve completely changed the ending of the game. For example, Morgana Le fay, an evil but extremely clever sorceress, had power over†¦show more content†¦Gerald Morgan seems to support this belief in â€Å"Medieval Misogyny and Gawain’s Outburst against Women in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† when he says â€Å"Indeed the difference of s ex is not a source of defect at all, but is required for the perfection of the species† (Morgan 20). Morgan makes an interesting point in his belief that women are required for the perfection of the species because they take on the roles that men do not. Currently ,women are breaking free from this secondary status and are taking on the roles of breadwinner and mother successfully, not needing a man to tell them otherwise. As a result, its unnecessary for women to resort to manipulation to express their desires as women in medieval history had to. Women had several manipulation strategies. From the chivalric tendencies of knights to women’s seductive tactics; manipulation was somewhat simple. Gawain’s respectful and chivalric actions empower many women in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, especially Lady Bercilak. He states â€Å"This is my duty, now and forever, / to serve you, lady† (SGGK 1547-48). Gawain admits to Lady Bercilak that he will do anything she pleases and is submitting to her influence. Gawain later finds out that Lady Bercilak was a part of Morgana’s game and compares his foolishness to biblical characters who, like him, encountered problems with women such as David and

Pedro Almodovar Paper Free Essays

Christiaan Respeto Pedro Almodovar Analysis Paper Pedro Almodovar is a Spanish director that is arguably the most influential Spanish filmmaker of his generation. He is known for his bold and risky story plots and characters as well as his openness to sexuality. He is very influenced by the underground lifestyles of individuals and peoples sexuality. We will write a custom essay sample on Pedro Almodovar Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Almodovar’s influences and history undoubtedly show through his career. Pedro was born on September 25, 1949 in Calzada de Calatrava, Spain. He lived in poverty as a child with his mother, father, brother, and two sisters. Pedro spent a lot of his time going to a local theater watching movies from all over the world dubbed in Spanish, which was the mark of passion for film. When Pedro was eight he was put into a Catholic boarding school in Caceres, Extremadura, where there was hope that Pedro would become a priest. After his education Pedro decided to move to Madrid against his family’s wishes to pursue his dream of being a film director. Pedro Supported himself working at a Spain national phone company while making short films on the side. Pedro finally gained recognition with his films â€Å"Pepi, Luci, Bom† and â€Å"Other Girls Like Mom† for their humor and expressive sexuality. Pedro gained international recognition with his film â€Å"Woman on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown† a movie that was widely accepted for its female centered style. Almodovar had many influences in his life especially by other film directors such as Luis Bunuel, Rainer Fassbinder, Alfred Hitchcock, John Waters, Ingmar Bergman, Edgar Neville, Federico Fellini, George Cukor, Luis Garcia Berlanga, and Marco Ferreri. He is very influenced of family and deep close relationships between individuals. Pedro is also influenced by sexuality since many of his stories contained characters that are gay, lesbian, trans-gender, and have strong sexual desire. Women also seem to be a big influence in Almodovar’s films since there are strong female leads and characters in many of his films. The style Almodovar uses in his films is experimenting with elements that are not mainstream in the modern film world. Almodovar is known for films that are bold and risky for they’re expressive sexuality, complex mature narrative, and presenting the underground lifestyle of junkies and crime stricken areas. The narratives in his films are very complex and mature with dark story plots that push the edge of what is accepted in modern cinema. His use of editing in his films however are very mainstream and take the classical Hollywood approach with continuity editing but, at times uses fades and text. Almodovar uses strong female characters as well as characters that are homosexual and bi-sexual. Part 2 All About my Mother Critique ‘All about my Mother ‘ is a film that expresses the power of family and sisterhood. The film tells a very deep and dramatic story with complex characters that really enhance the experience of the film. Through the films editing, cinematography, and character development the film is surely one of Almodovar’s best films. The editing in the film is very classical Hollywood style with the use of continuity editing although when a large amount of time passes large text is displayed on screen to tell the audience exactly how long time has passed. The film also plays around with fades in cool ways such as when Manuela goes to watch the performance of â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire†, Esteban’s notebook is still on screen from the last scene faded in the background as the camera pans to Manuela. The cinematography in the film is very much like a soap opera with a lot of still shots and characters really being the main focus of every shot. The film does like to pan and track characters very often. The cinematography also reminds me of classic Hollywood style which helps push the story in a continuous and satisfying way. Character development is a huge and well executed in this film. Manuela was a character that really developed through the movie. When Esteban dies Manuela is a wreck that couldn’t even speak about her son with others. Over time she starts to heal little by little and tell more about her sons death. For example a great scene where it shows that Manuela developed, as a character was when she meet up with Lola to show him his son from Rosa and talks about their son who passed away. She even goes as far as to show Lola Esteban’s notebook, which she was so protective of. She also parts ways with Esteban’s picture so that Lola may have it. Overall I think this is a great film by Almodovar that kept me compelled to the very end. The film had great use of editing, cinematography, and character development that really pushed the story and experience of the film. Through it’s deep storyline and complex characters this film is definitely something I will not forget. Citation http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pedro_Almod%C3%B3var http://www. helium. com/items/310894-pedro-almodovars-influence-on-filmmaking-today http://www. rottentomatoes. com/celebrity/pedro_almodovar/biography. php http://movies. yahoo. com/person/pedro-almodovar/biography. html How to cite Pedro Almodovar Paper, Essay examples

Strategic Development Within An Organisation CSL †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Development Within An Organisation. Answer: CSL Biotherapeutics Company CSL is a multinational company of biotherapeutics that produces new biotherapies so that lives can be saved. Along with that it facilitates people from life threatening medical conditions. CSL has paramount facilities of services in Australia, United Kingdom, Switzerland, U.S. and Germany. The Headquarter of company is situated in Melbourne, Australia. The range of employee of CSL company is higher than 17 thousand that working in more than 30 countries. The expertise areas of CSL are plasma products, vaccines and pharmaceuticals and research and development (Smither, et. al., 2016). CSL limited has corporate function and operational business. Corporate function covers the research and development area on the other hand operation business consist CSL Behring, Sequires and CSL plasma. Mission, vision and core competences The mission of CSL is to develop committed, mouldable and skilled employees that are known and remunerate for innovation and excellence. CSL wants to expand its business by providing beneficial biological products to Australian and international health care. To increase the wealth of shareholders, CSL will meet the expectations of customers with high quality and services. CSL will invest in the manufacture of innovative products and introduce those products into the market of Australia and international market. The vision of company is to innovating new products for reducing the issues of an individual regarding medical conditions. By giving good services and products to their customers and better working environment for their employees, CSL aims to build irreplaceable organization in the field of biological. CSL develops protein based therapies in number of areas such as fluid replacement therapies, immunoglobulin therapies, pulmonary therapies, bleeding disorders therapies, wound healing therapies and hereditary angeoediama therapy. It is the company that is passionate about saving lives and it aims to improve the life of that people who are suffering from rare diseases (CSL, n.d.). Successful Strategies deployed in the past CSL has worked on different strategies but successful strategy deployed in the past of CSL is growth strategy. Growth strategy is based on major fours factors such as market penetration, market expansion, product expansion, diversification and acquisition. Market penetration defines the introduction of same products in existing market. Market expansion also refers as market development. It is strategy in which CSL introduced its existing products to new market. CSL has reproduced number of products and added new features in existing products. A product expansion strategy works well if a change in technology has been done (Carlos, et. al., 2014). Current strategy of CSL Strategic partnership is the current strategy of CSL. Strategic partnership is the bonding between two businesses for forming two or more business. CSL established and still continues to keep intense strategic partnership with companies of North America, Asia, Europe and Australia. These collusive partnerships with different companies help to CSL for innovating new products. With the support from partners, the capabilities of companies in various field has been increased. These are research and development partnership that enhance the business development. The manufacturing capabilities of CSL is outstanding and it has commercialization experience in specific area of biological industry in which it become capable to produce products efficiently. Criticisms of the business practices CSL is a global company and there are so many competitors in this business of CSL. There are several issues occurred in business practices. Recently the management has changed of CSL services. CSL has been criticized by many groups and individuals. Other criticism of CSL business includes environmental practice, internal management, product sourcing and production of vaccines. The employees of CSL Company are not happy with their working criteria and FDA found dark participles in vials in the vaccines of swine flu. Criticism from stakeholders Criticism comes from employees of CSL because they are unhappy with the management of CSL. Employees of company have complained that the training and development system of company is not effective (Jeston and Nelis, 2014). Training of the biotherapieust industry is more important and it should be given in an adequate and knowledgeable manner because so many lives are depend on the products of CSL. Clinical product specialist has commented that management of company is careless. Work life balance in that organization is very difficult. Due to its management the CSL Company is famous on media channels. The employees of the company are key stakeholders for the company. It is the responsibility of CSL to maintain its employee relations in an adequate manner (Spahn, 2016). The effect of criticisms made by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) The biggest company of Australia CSL is putting effort to reduce the criticisms effect created by the US Food and Drug Administration. FDAs criticisms have been attained by news limited newspaper, positioned on audit reports of two years. The concern of FDA was regarding multitude of manufacturing flaws and offensive conditions and practices for making vaccines. The commitment if CSL regarding vaccines was that its vaccines are safer and keep ability to fix identified issues. The warning Letter has been sent by FDA in June regarding manufacturing issues and warning has been given if issues were not fixed, the license of the company may withdraw from US (Douglas, 2016). Manufacture conditions of CSL is irrelevant and it has been found by FDA that laboratory staff did not wear mask and investigation on potential product problem were treated by CSL company in inadequate manner. Potential problems consist of number of child suffering from high fever. FDA commented that CSL has been engag ed in limited observation of manufacturing process and raw materials were not being checked by CSL in appropriate manner. The audit of FDA also criticized the inadequate investigation of CSL Company (Australia business review, 2014). Environmental analysis Environmental analysis is a tool that helps to identify the internal and external elements, which can influence the performance of the business. There are so many factors which might affect the strategies of the company. It is important for the company to evaluate the external factors such as political, economical, socio-culture, technological and legal. Few changes in these factors can bring the huge impact on the organization. SWOT analysis of CSL Company will be describing below because SWOT analysis is the strategic tool which shows internal as well as external factors of CSL Company. It is required to know about the strength, weaknesses, opportunity and threats of the company so that company can overcome its issues appropriately (Zhang, et. al., 2013). SWOT analysis of CSL limited Strength CSL is the well established global company. The main strength of this company is that the field of biotechnology industry is fast growing company. It has extensive capacity level. It invests in research and development through which it gets extensive ability from that. It is the reliable brand in the view of Australian citizens. CSL operates its business in the niche segments such as anti-venom, genetics and vaccines. Company is famous for producing products like blood plasma derivatives anti-venoms, vaccines and cell culture reagents. CSL believes in innovation and as per changing in technology it reproduce products and investigate targeted market (Zhu, et. al., 2015). Weakness Diseconomies of scale are a weakness factor of CSL. It is the economic concept in which cost per unit is increased in business. CSL company is unable to manage the large workforce. The management of company is not good as it should be. Time and money both will be consumed in case of innovating new technologies and products. Training and development program of company is not effective. The activities of mismanagement reduce the productivity of the worker. Criticism from stakeholders has been increased. Opportunity Company can open its branches in all over the world. It can produce those medicines by using new technologies for those people who facing severe medical issues. It is specialized in the field of using stem cells so it would be great opportunity of CSL takes initiate step towards aware people about using of stem cells. New technologies will be helpful for CSL such as nanotechnology for producing next generations of medicines and technologies. Company can tie up with large clinics and hospitals for promotion of using stem cells. The entry of company in to new market will enhance the more believe of customers (Wolski, 2015). Threats Life Therapeutics, Peptech and Pharmasynth are the competitors company of CSL. These companies can be threats for CSL company because these company also a well established company in biotechnology industry. Strict laws and regulation from Australian government and unskilled labor can also the reason of threats for CSK company because biotechnology industry is the company in which most of laws are applicable and skilled labors are required for working. There are number of biotech companies which started off shoring conclusive activities. Organizational culture of CSL limited Organizational culture is a corporate culture which represents the beliefs and concepts of the company. It helps to make the psychological and social environment within the company. The aim of CSL Company regarding organizational culture to make the positive environment of working for employees and contractors so that productivity of the employees could increase. CSL limited treats their employees on a basis of fare and lawfully treatment. CSL nurture diversity, heath, collaboration and well being in the working environment and encourage the value of work. Ranges of models are being operated by CSL globally such as union representations direct interaction with employees and maintaining constructive bonding with employee representatives. Learning and development programs facilities are available for all level employees in which they can improve their skills at various stages. The procedure of rewards and recognition motivates the employee and enthusiasm them towards attain the goals. The unit leaders and site leaders of CSL limited are accountable for health and safety within organization. Health and well being programs are held by company in the form of lectures on health topics, meditation classes and enhance the productive environment at workplace (Williams, et. al., 2015). Core values of the company CSL Company is passionate to provide the safe products and services to their customers. Company has five core values. Customer focus, innovation, integrity, collaboration and superior performance are the core values of CSL Company. CSL Company addresses the requirement of people with disorders of life threatening. Medical research is being conducted by company. Company believes to invest in emerging technology so that new products can be developed and existing technologies and products can be improved on timely. In the term of integrity, company is highly committed to provide the services to their customers whose lives depend on CSL products. CSL Company collaborates with plasma donor, investigator and home health care companies. Company is performance driven and tries to do their best (Rodriguez, et. al., 2015). Companys culture Company culture is the environment of working which enhance the productivity of an individual. CEO of the CSL Company is motivated person and enthusiasm employees towards achieving the target of the company. Stakeholders are the key resources for the company and CEO of the company believes in stakeholder engagement. It covers various activities in it such as from the distribution of the knowledge to the providers of the health services (Spahn Zacharowski, 2015). The priority areas of corporate responsibility are innovation, safety and quality, working environment and environment performance. Conclusion It has been concluded that strategic development is the process that figure out the objectives of the company. CSL limited has vision, mission and core competencies which helps company to get mingled with its responsibility towards patients and commitments with an adequate manner. Companys strategies and criticism of business practices demonstrates the quality and issues of company. Environmental analysis would provide the entire information about the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the company. Company has five core values which ensure customers that they are using right brand. References Australia business review, 2014, Australian Companies Like CSL Limited Choosing Buyback Options More Often, retrieved on 8th may 2017 from: https://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/finance/1370/Australian-Companies-Like-CSL-Limited-Choosing-Buyback-Options-More-Often. Carlos, P, J, Paula R, A, and Dibb, S, 2014, The role of corporate culture, market orientation and organisational commitment in organisational performance: the case of non-profit organizations, Journal of Management Development, 33(4), pp.374-398. CSL, n.d., CSL Group global, retrieved on 8th may 2017 from: https://www.csl.com.au/corporate-responsibility.htm. Douglas, A., 2016, Lost in translation?: Where to now for Australian Medical Research. AQ-Australian Quarterly, 87(4), p.17. Jeston, J, and Nelis, J, 2014, Business process management, Routledge. Ribeiro, C., Ribeiro, A.R., Maia, A.S., Gonalves, V.M. and Tiritan, M.E., 2014, New trends in sample preparation techniques for environmental analysis, Critical reviews in analytical chemistry, 44(2), pp.142-185. Rodriguez, V., Mancuso, M, E, Warad, D, Hay, C.R.M., DiMichele, D,M, Valentino, L., Kenet, G, and Kulkarni, R, 2015, Central venous access device (CVAD) complications in Haemophilia with inhibitors undergoing immune tolerance induction: Lessons from the international immune tolerance study, Haemophilia, 21(5), pp.e369-e374. Smither, R., Houston, J. and McIntire, S., 2016, Organization development: Strategies for changing environments, Routledge. Spahn, D, R, 2016, Reporting potential conflicts of interest, Revista brasileira de anestesiologia, 66(2), pp.222-223. Spahn, D, R, Zacharowski, K., 2015, Non-treatment of preoperative anaemia is substandard clinical practice. Williams, B., Perillo, S. and Brown, T., 2015, What are the factors of organisational culture in health care settings that act as barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice? A scoping review, Nurse education today, 35(2), pp.e34-e41. Wolski, C,A, 2015, Raising awareness of alpha-1: compared to COPD, asthma, or cystic fibrosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency related lung disease is not well known, but dedicated researchers and RTs continue to support patients and work toward finding new treatment options, RT for Decision Makers in Respiratory Care, 28(2), pp.24-26. Zhang, Q., Mclellan, B, C, Tezuka, T, and Ishihara, K, N, 2013, A methodology for economic and environmental analysis of electric vehicles with different operational conditions, Energy, 61, pp.118-127. ZHU, Z, L, HAN, C,L, and WANG, Q, H, 2015, Exploration and Analysis of the Sports Competition Industry in China Based on CSL, CTTSL, ATP Shanghai Masters, Journal of Hebei Institute of Physical Education, 3, p.007.

The right to a decent minimum in health care free essay sample

Allen E. Buchanans The right to a decent minimum in health care argues that even if we cannot settle the question of whether or not there is a universal right to health care, it can still be established that the government should ensure that all of its citizens are provided with a decent minimum of health care. He further forms his point by arguing on four grounds, which include; the concept of special right over universal right, people who have given to society by joining the army should have the right to access to healthcare, individuals need to have basic access of health care for their participation in the labor force and lastly providing harm prevention. Even thought Buchanan chooses distinctive groups that he believes should have access to health I agree with him because it is a basic need for a human to have access to health care and especially those who have provided for given to the country or groups that have been abused and seen as a minority by the government. We will write a custom essay sample on The right to a decent minimum in health care or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I coincide that the right to decent minimum should be given to people who have experienced â€Å"injustice† from society historically, such as the Native Indians. I agree with this claim because these people have suffered a lot, they have lost their homes and culture. These factors make them vulnerable to stress and disease. The government should be giving back to them by giving them the right to a decent minimum in health care, as wellbeing is the most important need for a human. If one does not feel well, keeping a job to provide for the family would be impossible. This would result in a vicious cycle of poor living conditions, poor sanitation and therefore poor health. If they do not have a proper source of income they will not be able to pay for health care. Deontologist William D. Ross would agree with Buchanan as one of his duties include, beneficence, the act of â€Å"bettering the condition of others in the world† (Fisher, p.14). It is the government’s duty to provide society with access to health to improve the living conditions of those in need. Buchanan’s arguments also support the four principles of Biomedical Ethics. If the government provides society access to health care it follows the beneficence and justice part of biomedical theory. Justice would be accomplished when providing health care to those who have fought for the country and those who work not just to get a paycheck but also help improve the countries economic  level. Individuals who have fought in the army to protect the country and took the risk of knowing that they could be injured in war should be provided with access to health care. It would be unfair for an army officer to pay for an injury he sustained while being in war. Furthermore, to decrease the burden on health care, the government should provide harm prevention. When schools provide vaccines at no cost it prevents the child from obtaining the disease.This act saves the government and the family money from future health care costs, decreases the burden on the health care system that it could have if the vaccine was not provided to the child. Buchanan has made very good arguments on why there should be a right to a decent minimum in health care. If healthcare was not affordable disease and poor living conditions would increase and all this would have an impact on the country’s economy. When the government provides the society with healthcare, it also benefits them, as healthier society equals to a better economy.

Why you put off studying until the last minute and how to deal with it

Why you put off studying until the last minute and how to deal with it Reasons You Don’t Start Studying Until The Last Minute Mostly teachers give students enough time to complete a task; however, very often many students leave the preparation until the last minute. As a result, they are stressed out, exhausted and frustrated. Also, it is more than likely that the quality of the finished task suffered. Let’s have a look at the reasons why this happens and what can be done about it. Fear of the hard work Very often, the difficulty of the task scares you off and makes you put off the studying for later, no matter how important the task is. In fact, if the assignment is really significant, the fear can be even stronger, and, as a result, you end up pushing off the work even further. Fear of failure Feeling that the results of your efforts will be most likely unsatisfactory can make you completely demotivated and immobilized. You realize that the subject that you need to cover is too complicated, and you will not be able to get nice grades for that. Such fear of failure can also make you put off starting your study. Mistakes in personal organization Personal organization is very important in student life. You are responsible for completing different assignments on time. Unfortunately, many students do not create a plan of how to complete a task to fit the deadline, and those who do have a plan may overestimate their abilities and evaluate the amount of time that needs to be spent on studying incorrectly. Such mistakes are common and can cost dearly since poor self-organization can result in falling out of the university or college. What to do You might be one of those students who tend to leave performing important tasks until it is too late. The main solution of the issue is the following – just start studying and, most importantly, start doing it early. Obviously, this advice sounds simple, but, at the same time, extremely difficult to execute for many students. However, leaving studying until the last minute is a habit. Like any habits, it can be changed. If you really want to improve your studying pattern, try incorporating new habits into your student life. Starting study early, organizing yourself, making a plan and following it will bring great results. Being a student, you must realize that the task needs to be completed no matter what. Hence, putting off the preparation of the assignment is meaningless, and it is better to start working on an important task as soon as it is possible. This will save a lot of mental energy and will give you a great sense of accomplishment along with great grades and an appraisal from professors.

US monetary policy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

US monetary policy - Term Paper Example When the Fed wants to â€Å"expand the money supply† (create money), it steps in and buys bonds from these dealers with newly-issued dollars acquired by the Fed for the cost of writing them into an account on a computer screen. The Federal Reserve is overseen by board of governors based in Washington, which is a government body (Solomon 1996). This board of governors comprise of 7 members appointed by the president of the United States of America, each of them has the capacity to serve for 14 years. All this members must pass through senate for confirmation and are eligible for reappointment. The chairman is the head of the board being deputized by the vice chairman. Both the chairman and deputy are appointed by the president and must pass through senate for approval (Solomon 1996). Ben Bernanke is the current chairman; he took over from Alan Greenspan. The most common tool used by the Federal Reserve is the buying and selling of government securities in order to increase or r educe the amount of money in the banking system and this is done through an open market (Timberlake 1993). When they buy securities, they pump money into the banking system and accelerate growth  while sales of securities siphon money from the system. Federal Reserve's aim is to use this technique to  adjust the federal funds rate, that is, the rate at which banks borrow from each other (Timberlake 1993). ... the ones required by the law or rather set by the Federal Reserve board of governors can use the money to bring those changes back to stability (Timberlake 1993). The board of directors of each reserve bank sets the discount rate every 14 days. It's considered the last resort for banks, which usually borrow from each other. The Fed uses the discount rate to check the supply of available funds, which will in effect have impact on inflation and in extension interest rates (Degen 1987). If the available money is abundant, there is more likelihood of inflation occurring. It will become more expensive to borrow from Federal Reserve if interest rate is increased. Short term interest rate will, therefore, be increased by lower supply of money and the opposite is true. Quantitative Easing† (QE) is a kind of operations within markets that assist the Federal Reserve achieve its policy targets (Degen 1987). QE involves open market operations that are not different from the way the Federal Reserve often operates in its quest to attain certain policy objectives. When Federal Reserve changes their target interest rate, it is doing so in order to involve open market operations that alter reserves in the banking system so as to get to its preferred rate.    Open market operations often include moves such as adjusting the existing reserves in the banking system so as to assist reaching a target interest rate.  Many people believe that QE operates to achieve its objectives in ways that are different from standard monetary policy, e.g. influencing demand for loans, the wealth effect and interest rate channels (Wells 2004). Much of the misconception is also due to the untruth that QE helps to fund the US government or is equivalent to â€Å"money printing†.   This is not true. The main

The Morality of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Morality of Law - Essay Example erstood that possessing and consuming drugs is an offence if caught and being a police officer, it becomes a responsibility of promote law and regulations. In this case professional discretion should be applied as possessing and consuming drugs is an offence affecting the society in a wrong and bad manner and up to some extent questioning conscience of an individual responsible to the society. Being a responsible citizen and friend, it becomes important to stop illegal activities along with making people understand on its consequences. Moral realism does not allow to being a spectator for activities affecting individuals and later, the society. In that position, it is important to communicate with the actual friend along with asking him to pull a break on these activities. It would have been followed by a warning as illegal and immoral activities need to be stopped. Anyone offering a gift with a good intention is usually well accepted in the society irrespective of personal and professional spheres but offering something not in front of others raises questions over the intention and behavior of the giver raising moral issue. In this case, it cannot be considered as a mere gift. In this case professional discretion is required as the officers are not supposed to accept gifts and kinds from the society. It becomes important to appreciate the kindness along with stating the inappropriate manner of giving the gift. The police officers are civil servants responsible for promoting law and order rather than manipulating it for personal benefits and interests. If the gift would have been offered in front of everyone with a personal touch, it would have been considered as a gift but behind the back of others, it can be considered as a bribe, an intention to highlight one’s personal kindness. Being a homosexual is not a crime and immoral behaviour. The moral issue is not with police department but with the officer Davis, whose behavior and conscience is not allowing

Aviation Organization in Nigeria Research Paper

Aviation Organization in Nigeria - Research Paper Example Women workforce in Nigeria would aid the development of its economy as women have started taking tertiary education. Third, it is also important to understand the difference in the managers’ attitudes to work, in both Nigeria and the United States. This is important as many MNCs have expanded their operations in developing countries and employ both local and expatriate managers. The managers need to have an in-depth understanding of how to manage diversity because decisions on issues such as recruitment and training, promotions and retentions, could vary. Managing diversity could mean utilizing the differences to gain competitive advantage. It not only helps in recruitment and employee retention, it also leads to reduced turnover and absence costs, enhanced customer service and greater flexibility and creativity in the organizations (Maxwell, 2004). Nigeria is the most populous African country having about 130 million inhabitants. It consists of more than 250 ethnic groups and is besieged with ethnic and religious tensions. Nigeria has an abundance of labor and scarce talent. The average Nigerian could find employment based on the culture, religion, language, gender and educational qualifications. Attracting, developing, deploying and retaining talent has become a major concern in Nigeria. Nigeria has been facing the challenge of managing religious and political diversity ever since its independence in 1960 (Anaba, 2011). In the aviation sector diversity matters to customers; hence, in the airline company proposed to be set up in Nigeria, diversity should be kept as a part of the hiring policy. The commercial airline is a highly competitive, safety-sensitive, high technology service industry (Applebaum & Fewster, 2002). The core competency can come from people and employees. Hence, the focus should be in managing people. The whole aviation sector functions as a traditional, top-down, highly divisionalized, industrial model of operations and governance. T o have a customer-centric, learning-oriented workforce capable of adapting to the strategic goals and the change-imperative facing the industry, diversity and equal opportunity are required. Southwest Airlines believes that its dedication to ensure employee diversity also ensures the right fit. They give preference to women and minorities in interviewing them ahead of other candidates. Diversity and Equal Employment Opportunity at Continental Airlines experienced continued profits and double-digit growth. It has an aggressive attitude towards hiring, training and retaining minority employees as a result of which 23% of its employees and 37% of its employers are minorities. America West also has a corporate statement of commitment regarding equal employment opportunity that is updated annually. United is committed to provide opportunity for career advancement for women and minorities. Diversity matters to customers and this has been incorporated as the organization’s hiring po licy. Delta Airlines also promotes the development of women and black pilots in an industry where only 5% of all pilots are women and less than 1% is non-Caucasian. Applebaum and Fewster find that a high correlation exists between customer satisfaction and that of employees. A high correlation also exists between satisfied employees and world-class human resource practices. Women in Nigeria have

Socrates Decision Live Or Die Philosophy Essay

Socrates Decision Live Or Die Philosophy Essay Socrates was a Greek philosopher, whose teachings marks are a shift in philosophy from dealing with nature and the world to consider the person.  Socrates was sentenced to death for corrupting the youth and because of the disrespect of the Gods.  His work is the turning point of ancient philosophy.  His method of analysis of concepts and the identification of virtue and knowledge, he sent the attention of philosophers to the unconditional value of human personality. Socrates received a broad education.  He was married to a woman named Xanthippe.  He also took an active part in public life of Athens. As well, he participated in the Peloponnesian War.  Socrates also was a teacher and older friend of the Athenian politician and military leader Alcibiades.  In 399 BC.,  he was charged that he does not honor the Gods, which the city honors, and introduces a new deity, and responsible for the fact that he corrupts the youth.  As a free Athenian citizen, was not subjected to punishment, and he took poison (the widespread legend, the infusion of hemlock, but judging by the symptoms hemlock was spotted). Socrates was the first public Greek philosopher: his studies he spent on the streets, crowds filled diversified: traders, soldiers, artisans, aristocrats and the homeless.  He quickly gained popularity among the Athenians, although the eccentricity of the philosopher became the subject of ridicule, even among educated people.   Simultaneously Socrates corrupts the youth by offering reliable ways to avoid punishment for infractions, including adultery.  Thus he reflected the two vices: disrespect for the gods and corrupting youth. It is also said that Socrates did not simply deny the power of the Gods, but also has his own god, whose voice is being heard, but under the circumstances, only the priest has the right to communicate with the Gods.  It was believed that Socrates is guilty of disbelief in the Gods recognized by the state, and that the policy is introduced in the new god.  He is also guilty of corrupting youth.  Proposed penalty: death. Accusations of atheism were not something new in Athens  Socrates did not wanted to do give up his point of view, and he wished not to leave Athens.  The centerpiece was the molestation of accusation of youth.  Athenian law required to defend a person who was accused.  Considering that Socrates spoke without prepared speeches.  The speech was a conversation with judges and he did not try to convince them. The jury stopped the indignant cries of speech and voted this way: Socrates is guilty. Nevertheless, this decision became final sentence; he could pay the fine or still leave the city.  Socrates refused to reappear as otherwise agreed with a prosecution.  It is known that the disciples of Socrates prepared his escape from prison, but Socrates did not respond to the offer of his sincere friends.  Moreover, he said a long monologue about what a citizen, even wrongfully convicted, I cannot respond to evil with evil. Socrates was punished by society.  People like Socrates, could not escape punishment because they were loners and nobody can impose his will.  Socrates was given poison.  He was lying in bed, and beside him, a man was preparing a poisonous mixture. The sun was setting.  The court appointed the exact time of execution of punishment, but the man somehow delayed.  In the end, Socrates could not resist: Time passes; the sun goes down, why you wait?   It seemed incredible that a man condemned to death could stop worrying so much about that his execution took place in a timely manner.  On the contrary, the poor should be grateful for the delay.  Executioner loved Socrates.  He had heard his statement in court and felt deep sympathy for the thinker.  Socrates, was the wisest of all the inhabitants of Athens.  Delay in preparing the penalty would allow the philosopher to live a little longer. However, Socrates said urging: Hurry. Bring the poison. Feeding poison to Socrates, the man asked: Why are you so impatient? I can see how your face glows, I see your eyes burn. Do not you understand whats going on? You will die now! Socrates responded: I am interested in death. I have known life. It was beautiful, despite all the turmoil and suffering, I got pleasure from it. Just breathe and have fun. Ive lived, Ive loved, I did what I wanted to do, I said everything  I wanted to say. Now I want to taste death and the sooner t he better. There are only two options: either my soul will live on in other forms, as they say Oriental mysticism, and this is an exciting event to continue the journey without the gravity of the body.  Body is a close cell, it is very restricted in his movements.  And the second option is if the materialists are right, then after the death, there would be nothing left.  It is also exciting not to exist!  I know what it means to be, and now the time has come to find out what it means not to be.  And if I do not exist, then there is nothing to worry about! These things can only be said by the person who loves himself.  Socrates took responsibility even for his death: the court could not blame him for anything, it was only a social bias, prejudice, mediocre people who were not able to understand the great insights of the mind of Socrates, but there was a majority and they voted for the death penalty. They could not fend off any of his argument.  I guess they did not even realize what he was saying, the responses could not be considered.  He refuted all their arguments. However, in decisions that were taken collectively, Athens was a democratic city, so the situation was considered a general meeting, which was recognized and reduced the risk of a person deserving death. The judges were a little wiser; they offered the choice to Socrates: If you leave the city and vowed that you would never come back, youll be able to avoid death. If you want to stay in Athens, then stop talking and lapse into silence. In this case we also  would be able to persuade people to save your life. Either tomorrow at sunset you drink poison. Choose what you prefer. Socrates replied: I am ready to take the poison tomorrow or today when it will be ready. But I cannot stop telling the truth. If I live, I will continue to tell the truth till my last breath. But I cannot leave Athens in the name of  own salvation, or else Ill always feel like a coward, who escaped death, and not taking responsibility for what happens. I have lived in harmony with my thoughts, feelings and heart and want to die peacefully. And do not feel guilty.  No one is responsible for my death, except myself.  I knew it would happen, for speaking the truth in a society based on lies, deception, illu sion, is like to seek your own death.  Do not blame these poor people, who decided on my death.  If someone is responsible, then it is only me.  I want you all to know that I lived, taking responsibility for my life, and I die, taking responsibility for my death.  I was a maverick in my life.  And I remain a maverick in the face of death.  No one took me for solutions, and I myself have made my choice. Many friends tried to persuade Socrates to escape, but he was adamant to perform absurd decision of the Athenian court, in order to remain faithful to the laws of his native city. I think that Confucius would condemn Socrates decision. Confucius supported life, truth, rituals, traditions, wisdom and sincerity. The ideal of Confucianism is to create a harmonious society in the ancient pattern, in which every person has its function.  Harmonious society is built on the idea of loyalty loyalty to the relationship between bosses and subordinates, aimed at preserving the harmony and most of this society.  Confucius formulated the golden rule of ethics: Do not make the man what you do not wish for yourself. That is why, in my opinion, Confucius would approve if Socrates admitted some mistakes and changes his mind and continued to bring harmony in the community, as he was a very wise person. The city needed him and many people needed him too, but they were afraid to admit it. Moral obligation, as they materialize in the ritual, becomes a matter of upbringing, education and culture.  These concepts Confucius has not divided.  All of them are included in the content category wen (originally the word meant a person with painted body, tattoos).  Wen can be interpreted as the cultural meaning of human existence, like education.  This is not a secondary artificial creation of a man and not his primary natural layer, not book-learning and not natural, but their organic blend. Confucius also supported any activity that was useful for the community, its development, its traditions and prosperity. Kind intentions and justice are one of the constancies of a righteous man, supported by Confucius. Many people judge the decision of Socrates, saying he had a choice, he did it wrong and he had to live if he could choose it. Others think that if he has chosen this decision, then it meant a lot to him, he did not suffer because of it and he was very interested in w hat would happen after death. If Socrates acted this way, then he knew what he exactly wanted, it was his own decision and he did not blame anyone in that. Although Socrates had power to change the Law of Athens, he decided to obey this unjust law, may be to show people how ridiculous it is, to show them the real injustice and to show how miserably these people lived obeying everything, and not choosing their way of life. The most important thing is that Socrates had a choice, he was a very wise man and he perfectly understood the options he had. He has been thinking a lot and he has chosen his way himself, choosing to take the poison and to find out what the death was like. Probably Socrates acted in this situation by obeying the state laws, and also choosing this way himself, with a choice to die this way or later. May be it was important to Socrates to have choice and to choose himself his death, not blaming anyone and at the same time, not committing a suicide, just obeying the states law. In this case an unjust law of Athens. The thing that is obvious is that Socrates did not want to preserve his life, he had intentions to find out more and more, and maybe he already knew too much about life, about the limits we have in life and about the rules we invent and obey, that he was interested in other things. He may have considered new experience interesting, outrageous and useful for him, which will not have the boundaries and limits and could open new ways of existence or even the better life after death. All in all, I think that Socrates was not right to obey the orders of the state of Athens to take poison. He should he have acted to preserve his own life by choosing exile or escaping, as it was more important to save his own life, than to obey the orders. But, it was his decision and he did not blame anyone and the important fact is that Socrates had a choice and he considered to take poison as a right decision for himself.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Student Essay

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Student Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common obstacles that some students face in the process of learning. ADHD is often confused with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). It is very important to understand the difference between ADHD and ADD. It is also very important to understand the symptoms and behaviors associated with ADHD, as well as the causes and treatments available. After a complete understanding of the basics of ADHD, a closer look at the education system is essential. The education of children relies on the teacher’s knowledge of ADHD, as well as parent student teacher relationships. There are also some important teaching tips that teacher can utilize in their teaching experiences of ADHD students. ADHD versus ADD There is one very distinct difference between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is no longer the correct terminology. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has ‘replaced’ Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) based on the fact that no two cases are alike. The medical professionals now use the term ADD to describe a set of symptoms and behaviors that are associated with ADHD, but these symptoms are not exclusive to ADHD. With the understanding that ADD is no longer correct terminology, it is essential to understand the symptoms and behaviors that were associated with ADD, and how they relate to ADHD. Symptoms and Behaviors With five percent of the children in the world affected by ADHD to some degree, there is much variance in the severity and occurrence of symptoms and behaviors (Zeigler Dendy, 2000, â€Å"Teachin... ...de Web: http://www.add.org Department of Education (2002, August). IDEA’97: Individuals with disabilities educational act amendments of 1997. Retrieved March 23, 2003 from the World Wide Web: http://www.ed.gov/offices/OSERS/IDEA Glock, M., Jensen, P., and Cooper, J. (1998). Diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Retrieved March 23, 2003 from the World Wide Web: http://odp.od.nih.gov/consensus/cons/110/110_statement.htm White, T. (2003, April). CHADD: Children and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Retrieved April 22, 2003 from the World Wide Web: http://www.chadd.org Educational Dictionary: Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary (1998). Edition 5. Mosby-Year Book, Inc. Retrieved April 2, 2003 from Infotrac Towson University Health Reference Center-Academic an online database.